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Ok, so there seems to be 2 types of pathogenic factors in AIS.

1. Initiating/inducing factors.....which is thought to involve a genetic pre-disposition....undetected neurological development/dysfunction which affects control of posture and coordinated movements in relation to the central nervous system body schema.... ('Body scheme' or 'body set' is the neural representation in our brainstem of our body. It is a sort of reference frame for our brain.
fMRI studies can show us the we can increase activity there by doing certain activities.)


- Rotational preconstraint theory
- Uncoupled spinal neuro-osseous growth (The String Theory)
- Brain, nervous system, and skull concepts
- Neuro-Osseous timing of maturation theory (NOTOM)
- Transverse plane pelvic rotation, skeletal asymmetrics, and the "developmental theory: timing of maturation from the top-down to bottom-up organization of postural control.

2. Curve progression factors (which is generally thought to involve a mechanical process (torsion, vicious cycle, dorsal shear forces, ect) with eccentric loading (having axis away from the center) and vertbral growth modulation....AKA:Hueter-Volkmann principle. These are generally accepted to have both neural and osseous components.

These include theories on curve progression that appear after the initial onset of AIS.

- Relative Anterior Spinal Overgrowth (RASO) (although this could possibly be controlled via genetic factors in some AIS cases)
- Thoracospinal concept - girls with right thoracic adolscent AIS only
- Origin in contracture at the hips
- Osteopenia - a risk factor for curve progression?
- Melatonin deficiency
- Platelet calmodulin dysfunction
- Biomechanical spinal growth modulation